Cold-Related Emergencies

Frostbite

What is it?

When skin and underlying tissues freeze after being exposed to very cold temperatures.
The areas most likely to be affected are the fingertips, toes, earlobes, cheeks, chin and tip of the nose.

Signs/Symptoms:

3 Stages of Frostbite:

Step 1: Frostnip
Step 2: Superficial Frostbite
Step 3: Deep (Severe) Frostbite

Plan of Action:

You can treat mild frostbite (frostnip) yourself. All other frostbite requires medical attention. First-aid steps for frostbite are as follows:
 

Hypothermia

What is it?

Occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat and your body temperature falls below 95 F (35 C). 
Hypothermia is often caused by exposure to cold weather or immersion in a cold body of water. It can also be caused by ongoing exposure to indoor temperatures below 50 F (10 C). You could be at increased risk if you're also exhausted or dehydrated.

Symptoms:

Signs and symptoms of hypothermia usually develop slowly and may include:

Plan of Action:

If you suspect someone has hypothermia, call 911 or your local emergency number. 
Then immediately take these steps:
Caution:
Do not rewarm the person too quickly, such as with a heating lamp or hot bath.
Don't attempt to warm the arms and legs. Heating or massaging the limbs of someone in this condition can stress the heart and lungs.
Don't give the person alcohol or cigarettes. Alcohol hinders the rewarming process, and tobacco products interfere with circulation that is needed for rewarming.